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21 de noviembre de 2024
PARA AMPLIAR EL DERECHO
Macron quiere incluir al aborto entre los derechos fundamentales de la Unión Europea miércoles 19 de enero de 2022 10:40
El presidente de Francia, Emmanuel Macron, pidió hoy ante el Parlamento Europeo que el aborto sea incorporado de forma explícita en la Carta de los Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión Europea (UE). Ante el pleno del órgano en Estrasburgo, donde presentó las prioridades de la presidencia francesa del Consejo de la UE para este semestre, el mandatario afirmó que se torna necesario "actualizar esta Carta para que sea más explícita sobre la protección del medioambiente o el reconocimiento del derecho al aborto". La propuesta recibió el aplauso de una Eurocámara cuyo bloque progresista se opuso a la elección de la conservadora maltesa Roberta Metsola como presidenta del Parlamento Europeo. Metsola, elegida ayer, es abiertamente contraria a la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo y votó en contra de diversas resoluciones parlamentarias que llamaban a ampliar el acceso al aborto debido a la tradición en su país, que se opone a ese derecho en cualquier circunstancia. "Abramos este debate hablando libremente con nuestros conciudadanos, y demos un nuevo impulso a nuestro Estado de derecho, haciendo que Europa sea aún más fuerte", dijo el presidente francés. La Carta de los Derechos Fundamentales fue aprobada en diciembre de 2000 (con una versión revisada en 2007) y en sus 154 artículos se definen los derechos civiles, políticos, económicos y sociales de los ciudadanos del bloque. En la actualidad, la normativa relativa a la interrupción voluntaria de un embarazo es una prerrogativa de los Estados miembros de la UE. En Malta, por ejemplo, está estrictamente prohibido. En Polonia, país al que Macron pareció dirigir su mensaje cuando rechazó los retrocesos en algunos Estados de derecho, la legislación sobre el aborto se endureció en los últimos años. Allí, el Tribunal Constitucional ilegalizó en 2020 el aborto en caso de malformaciones graves del feto, un supuesto en el que se amparaba el 97% de los escasos 1.110 abortos legales que se realizaban en el país. Tras la declaración de inconstitucionalidad, solo el incesto, la violación y el peligro para la vida de la madre son razones legales para hacerlo. Esta medida generó indignación en la población que, desoyendo las restricciones por la pandemia, salió a las calles de Varsovia y otras ciudades protestar contra la decisión. Malta es el único país dentro de la UE que prohíbe la interrupción del embarazo en toda circunstancia. Otros países europeos pero no miembros del bloque en los que está prohibido el aborto son Andorra y San Marino. Liechtenstein lo permite solo cuando la vida o la salud de una mujer está en riesgo o el embarazo es el resultado de una agresión sexual. Las jurisdicciones británicas de Irlanda del Norte y Gibraltar y la jurisdicción danesa de las Islas Feroe también mantienen leyes muy restrictivas.